5-Fu缓释剂局部埋植治疗卵巢癌腹膜后转移的实验研究

目的探讨植入用5Fu缓释剂局部埋植化疗用于治疗卵巢癌腹膜后转移的可行性。方法建立卵巢癌腹膜后转移动物模型,随机分成三组,腹膜后局部埋植组(A组)埋植5Fu缓释剂2mg,腹腔给药组(B组)注射同等剂量的氟尿嘧啶针剂,空白对照组(C组)腹腔注射生理盐水,观察肿瘤的生物学行为和治疗效果。结果A组较B、C组瘤体积明显减小,重量减轻,荷瘤鼠生存状态提高。结论腹膜后局部埋植5Fu缓释剂对卵巢癌腹膜后转移具有明显的治疗效果,为临床治疗卵巢癌腹膜后转移提供了一种新的治疗方法。     

Evaluation of markers out of the steroid profile for the screening of testosterone misuse. Part II: Intramuscular administration

In the fight against doping, the introduction of alternative markers to the steroid profile can be considered as an effective approach to improve the screening capabilities for the detection of testosterone (T) misuse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of several T metabolites (cysteinyl conjugated and glucuronoconjugated resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis) to detect both the transdermal and the intramuscular administration of T. In Part I of the study, we studied the potential of these metabolites for the detection of T transdermal administration. Results revealed that resistant glucuronides can be a suitable complement to the current steroid profile. In this, Part II, dedicated to the intramuscular administration, we studied the potential of cysteinyl conjugated, resistant glucuronoconjugated and 1‐cyclopentenoylglycine (1‐CPG) for the detection of a single intramuscular injection of T cypionate. Possible differences in the excretion profile of all markers were explored between individuals with low basal (n=6) and medium basal (n=6) values of the testosterone/epitestosterone ratio (T/E). The results showed that all tested markers presented low intra‐individual stability in basal conditions. Despite this, all glucuronoconjugated markers and 1‐CPG, but not the cysteinyl conjugated markers, provided detection windows that were similar or longer than those obtained by markers currently included in the steroid profile. Based on the results obtained from the 2 parts of this study and from previously reported data, the potential applicability and the limitations of including these markers in the steroid profile are discussed.     

From rakhi to romance: negotiating ‘acceptable’ relationships in co-educational secondary schools in New Delhi,India

Based on a multi-method study conducted with middle-class young people (aged 15–17) in three secondary schools in New Delhi, India, this paper focuses on heterosocial dynamics within school peer cultures as an important site of learning about gender and sexuality. Findings indicate that young people negotiate and adapt rakhi (brother-sister) relationships to form less strictly platonic heterosocial friendships, which leave open the possibility of romance. Students’ preferences for certain heterosocial relationships are considered within the context of wider cultural narratives. For example, students often rejected rakhi relationships, tied to traditional, conservative values, in favour of heterosocial friendships associated with more modern and desirable social patterns. Moreover, students’ own definitions of acceptable heterosocial interactions within peer cultures suggest that they are adept at negotiating norms of gender segregation that are enforced in co-educational schools. In contrast to other formal and informal sources of sexual learning available to them, experiences and stories of romances circulating in schools seemed to offer students alternative, more positive ways of understanding teenage intimacy and sexuality.     

Secondary outcome analysis for data from an outcome‐dependent sampling design

Outcome‐dependent sampling (ODS) scheme is a cost‐effective way to conduct a study. For a study with continuous primary outcome, an ODS scheme can be implemented where the expensive exposure is only measured on a simple random sample and supplemental samples selected from 2 tails of the primary outcome variable. With the tremendous cost invested in collecting the primary exposure information, investigators often would like to use the available data to study the relationship between a secondary outcome and the obtained exposure variable. This is referred as secondary analysis. Secondary analysis in ODS designs can be tricky, as the ODS sample is not a random sample from the general population. In this article, we use the inverse probability weighted and augmented inverse probability weighted estimating equations to analyze the secondary outcome for data obtained from the ODS design. We do not make any parametric assumptions on the primary and secondary outcome and only specify the form of the regression mean models, thus allow an arbitrary error distribution. Our approach is robust to second‐ and higher‐order moment misspecification. It also leads to more precise estimates of the parameters by effectively using all the available participants. Through simulation studies, we show that the proposed estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal. Data from the Collaborative Perinatal Project are analyzed to illustrate our method.     

基于代谢组学技术的白芍养血柔肝作用机制研究

目的通过分析血虚肝郁模型大鼠血清内源性代谢物的变化,利用代谢组学技术研究白芍对异常代谢物的调节作用,探讨白芍养血柔肝功效的作用机制。方法采用辐照复合慢性束缚应激方法建立大鼠血虚肝郁模型,以液质联用为核心技术,以主成分分析(PCA)、偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)方法为数据分析的主要手段,筛选出可能的生物标志物,并分析白芍的干预机制。结果白芍通过影响磷脂酰胆碱、溶血磷脂酰胆碱、神经酰胺、脱氧胞苷、甜菜碱等21种小分子代谢物,对体内代谢轨迹的扰动起到一定的回调作用,能够改善大鼠因外界刺激因素(如辐照、束缚、孤养)诱发的血虚肝郁状态。结论白芍养血柔肝功效的作用机制可能与鞘脂代谢、甘油磷脂代谢、亚油酸代谢、α-亚油酸代谢等相关代谢通路有关。     

基于转录组测序的山茱萸次生代谢生物合成相关基因的挖掘

为探讨山茱萸中环烯醚萜等次生代谢产物合成的遗传基础,采用新一代高通量测序技术对其果实进行转录组测序,共获得得96 032条unigenes,平均长度590.53 bp;其中共有35 478条unigene能被NR,Swissprot,COG,GO,KOG,Pfam和KEGG等7个公共数据库注释。通过对注释所得的unigene进行KEGG代谢通路的分析发现,共有84个unigene与环烯醚萜类成分的生物合成有关;487条unigene参与山茱萸其他次生代谢相关物质代谢调控。研究发现,共有153条unigene参与山茱萸次生代谢产物的氧化/羟基化;72条unigene参与次生代谢产物的糖基化。该研究首次对山茱萸转录组进行了分析,并获得了山茱萸环烯醚萜类等次生代谢生物合成相关的候选基因,为山茱萸的分子生物学研究提供了丰富的数据资源,也为后续探讨候选基因的功能奠定了基础。     

LC-MS/MS分析银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液在人尿液中的代谢产物

目的:研究银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液在人尿液中的主要代谢产物及其代谢途径。方法:3名受试者静脉滴注银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液后收集0~6 h的尿样,分别按酸化和不酸化样品处理后,以液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)对样品进行分析。采用ACE C_(18)-AR色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,3μm),酸性HPLC条件流动相Ⅰ为乙腈-0.4%甲酸铵水溶液(p H3.2)梯度洗脱,中性HPLC条件流动相Ⅱ为乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速0.7 m L·min~(-1)。通过比较空白尿样和给药后尿样的总离子流和提取离子流色谱图以及各个色谱峰的保留时间、准分子离子和二级碎片离子,分析银杏内酯A(GA),银杏内酯B(GB)和银杏内酯K(GK)在人体内可能的代谢产物。结果:除原型药外,共鉴定了12个代谢产物,其中GA相关的代谢产物有6个,包括5个Ⅰ相和1个Ⅱ相代谢产物;GB相关的有4个,包括1个Ⅰ相和3个Ⅱ相代谢产物;GK相关的有2个,包括1个Ⅰ相和1个Ⅱ相代谢产物。结论:GA在人体内主要的代谢途径为羟基化和内酯环水解,并可进一步共价结合成硫酸酯;GB主要的代谢途径为羟基化和内酯环水解,并可进一步共价结合成硫酸酯、葡萄糖醛酸苷或谷胱甘肽结合物;GK在人体内主要的代谢途径为甲基化葡萄糖醛酸结合反应。     

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析通络清脑注射剂在大鼠体内的代谢产物

目的:研究大鼠尾静脉注射通络清脑注射剂后尿液中的代谢产物,为该制剂的作用机制分析提供参考。方法:大鼠尾静脉注射通络清脑注射剂,收集0~12 h尿液,采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)分析尿液样品,流动相0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈梯度洗脱,流速0.3 m L·min~(-1),电喷雾离子源,正离子模式,扫描范围m/z 100~1 400。结果:检测并鉴定到7个原型成分(黄芩苷,栀子苷,三七皂苷R1,人参皂苷Rg1,Rb1,Rd和Re)及10个可能的代谢产物(其中4个来源于黄芩苷,6个来源于栀子苷)。10个可能的代谢产物分别为葡萄糖基化代谢物(B-M1,G-M2和G-M4),葡萄糖醛酸化代谢物(B-M2),甲基化代谢物(B-M3),水解代谢物(B-M4),去甲基化代谢物(G-M1),脱氢代谢物(G-M3)和羟基化代谢物(G-M5和G-M6),而人参皂苷类成分则暂时未能在尿液中检测到代谢产物。结论:尾静脉注射通络清脑注射剂后,大鼠尿液中能检测到黄芩苷和栀子苷的原型及不同途径的10个代谢产物,而三七总皂苷各成分则只检测到药物原型,暂时未能检测到代谢产物。     

真菌诱导子对怀地黄组培苗生长及次生代谢产物合成的影响

目的:研究分离自地黄不同部位的内生真菌诱导子对怀地黄组培苗生长及其次生代谢产物含量的影响,初步探究其促生作用。方法:以2株Alternaria属内生真菌A.alternata,Penicillium属内生真菌P.axalicum制备不同类型的诱导子,发酵液滤液和菌丝降解液,分别考察其对地黄组培苗株高、鲜重、叶绿素含量、梓醇及毛蕊花糖苷含量的影响,并用SPSS 17.0进行数据分析。高效液相色谱法测定梓醇及毛蕊花糖苷含量。结果:不同菌株制备的真菌诱导子促生作用差异明显,以Penicillium属内生真菌P.axalicum制备的真菌诱导子对怀地黄组培苗促生效果较佳,且以其发酵液滤液促生效果最好。在该培养条件下,怀地黄组培苗株高、鲜重、根长、总叶绿素、梓醇及毛蕊花糖苷含量增加率分别为27.80%,29.49%,22.08%,15.05%,35.98%和68.18%。结论:内生真菌诱导子可促进怀地黄组培苗生长,并提高其次生代谢产物含量,在今后地黄内生真菌应用中可做进一步探究。     

Twelve-month randomized controlled trial of 38% silver diamine fluoride with or without potassium iodide in indirect pulp capping of young permanent molars

BackgroundThe clinical and radiographic effectiveness of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) with and without potassium iodide (KI) was tested and compared with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in indirect pulp capping of deep carious lesions in young permanent molars.MethodsOne hundred eight permanent first molars with deep occlusal cavitated carious lesions in 49 children aged 6 through 9 years were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 36 molars per group) and treated with SDF plus KI, SDF, and RMGIC. RMGIC was used as a base and a resin-based composite restoration followed. Clinical assessments for secondary caries (primary outcome), postoperative pain, tooth vitality, and restoration success and quality rates according to Modified US Public Health Service and Ryge Criteria for Direct Clinical Evaluation of Restorations were performed after 3, 6, and 12 months. Periapical radiographs were obtained at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Outcomes were assessed using mixed effects multilevel logistic and linear regression analyses.ResultsThere were no significant differences (P = .26) among the groups at all times for secondary caries, postoperative pain, tooth vitality, clinical abscess, radiographic signs of pulpal pathology, restorations’ marginal adaption, anatomic form, and surface roughness. There was a significant difference (P = .03) in restoration color, marginal staining, and luster. The RMGIC group outperformed the 2 SDF groups in color and luster.ConclusionsThe authors did not find differences among the groups in preventing secondary caries or pain or in maintaining pulpal health. The RMGIC group had better restoration color and luster than both SDF groups and better marginal staining than the SDF group.Practical ImplicationsThe results of this study can help guide treatment decision making regarding use of SDF and SDF plus KI as indirect pulp capping materials in deep cavitated lesions.This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The registration number is NCT04236830.